north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
end; verge; extremity; miss; failure; blank (e.g. lottery ticket)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
autumnal tints; fall tints
vivid; bright; brilliant; skillful; skilful; adept
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
one day; (on) a certain day
to shine on; to illuminate; to compare (with); to refer to
(Japanese) larch (Larix leptolepis, Larix kaempferi)
leaf; blade (of grass); (pine) needle
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
glittering; sparkling; glistening; twinkling
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
leaf; blade (of grass); (pine) needle; marijuana; cannabis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be fascinated (by); to be captivated by; to be enchanted by; to gaze admiringly at; to watch in fascination
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
both (hands, parents, sides, etc.); counter for carriages (e.g. in a train); counter for vehicles; ryō; tael; ryō; pre-Meiji unit of currency, orig. the value of one ryō of gold
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to catch; to stop the blow; to react to; to take (advice, etc.); to accept
to cover a surface; to spread all over; to blanket; to lay
fallen leaves; leaf litter; falling leaves
to shine; to glitter; to be bright
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...