island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
girls college (esp. in names of Christian schools)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
middle and high school; medium and high (level)
consistency; coherence; one kan (approx. 3.75 kg, 8.3 lb); one piece of sushi
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
establishment; founding; organization; organisation
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
every region of the country; all corners of the country; nationwide
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to gather; to collect; to assemble
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
woman; female; feminine gender
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
taking over (e.g. store or family's headship); subrogation; substitution of one person for another (usu. a creditor)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
reform; reformation; reorganization
elegance; refinement; grace; aroma
bowl; vessel; container; ability; capacity; calibre
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to mix; to blend; to combine
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
school tradition; school customs; school spirit
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
formality; social rules; social status; social standing; (arch.) amendments and enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
maintenance; preservation; improvement
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
(not) even once; (not) ever