former (incumbent); predecessor
to be superfluous; to be in excess; to be more than enough
to sow seeds; to sow the seeds of ... (e.g. conflict)
crop; crops; (agricultural) produce; farm products
divide and rule; divide and conquer
university or college offering four-year programs; the big four ...; the four major ...
entrance; threshold; beginning; first step; start
burden; nuisance; bother; hanger-on; dependent; parasite
to set on fire; to ignite
to dig up; to unearth; to uncover
sense of duty; sense of purpose; vocation
ancestral; hereditary; generation after generation; passing from father to son
one's dearest wish; Buddha's vow to save humanity
custom; convention; tradition; mores; conventional practice
ancestor; forefather; foremother
unripe; green; inexperienced; immature; unskilled
clear; clear-cut; lucid; unequivocal; explicit
God's will; heaven's decree; mandate of Heaven; one's life; one's lifespan
snakelike; snaky; serpentine
widely; extensively; far and wide; everywhere; all around; generally
item; article; dish; course
to come into being; to be born
hieroglyph; hieroglyphics
suitable; appropriate; befitting; conjoining; association; samprayukta
to study; to complete (a course); to order (one's life); to repair (a fault one has committed)
to have a smattering knowledge of
axiom; maxim; self-evident truth
elder statesman; doyen; old-timer; Genro (member of a pre-WWII body that informally advised the emperor)
throne; crown; government position; court rank; social standing; rank; grade (of quality, etc.)
to lose one's mind; to go crazy; to lose one's senses; to lose consciousness
being concerned about or mindful of
to keep in pace with; to keep up with; to follow (someone's thought); to understand
to be overturned; to be reversed; to turn over; to fall down; to tumble down; to topple over
horseback riding; sitting astride; straddling
to mix; to stir; to scramble; to churn