indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
beginning; outset; first; onset
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
various; diverse; divergent; each according to one's own wishes
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
search (esp. in criminal investigations); investigation; inquiry; enquiry
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
outline; summary; overview; synopsis; abstract; abridgment
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
on the occasion of; at the time of
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
ghastly; gruesome; appalling; lurid
crime; criminal act; offence; offense
to reach; to amount to; to be up to the task; to come up to; to compare with; to be a match (for)
offender; criminal; culprit
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
victim; injured party; sufferer
to go through; to suffer; to experience (something unpleasant)
natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
exactly; precisely; closely; tightly; properly; without fail
compatibility; coexistence; standing together
tug of war (orig. a form of divination to predict whether the year will be favourable or unfavourable); forward puller (of a rickshaw)