shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to close (e.g. book, eyes, meeting, etc.); to shut
than; from; out of; except; but; more
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (e.g. of a document)
extract; excerpt; selection
pile; heap; counter for things that are stacked, piled up (or layered, etc.); layers of clothing worn under one's overcoat; combination of colors created by layering of garments (colours)
to have a talk; to tell a story
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
it cannot be helped; there's nothing for it; it's no use fighting back; it's hopeless; there is no way out of it
assailant; perpetrator; wrong-doer; aggressor
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
victim; injured party; sufferer
to also be (implies that as well as the earlier stated this is also the case); to be ... or something
of course; certainly; naturally
even so; all the same; nevertheless; yes, but ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to judge; to decide; to sit in judgement; to try
should; must; -able; probably; likely
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
way of saying (something); way of putting it; wording; phrasing; language; expression
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
name; given name; first name