illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
Saint; St.; S.; sacred; holy; pure
river; stream; River; the ... river
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
place; situation; position; location
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
people (of a country); nation; citizen; national
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
in one's own way or style
abundant; plentiful; rich; wealthy; open (mind); relaxed
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
tranquil; calm; restful; peaceful; quiet
(way of) life; living; livelihood; life circumstances
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to run (a business); to operate; to carry out; to perform; to hold (a Buddhist or Shinto ceremony)
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
disparity of wealth; wealth inequality; social inequality
it cannot be helped; there's nothing for it; it's no use fighting back; it's hopeless; there is no way out of it
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
end (e.g. of street); tip; beginning; start; odds and ends; scrap
to drift; to float; to waft (e.g. a scent); to hang in the air; to be in the air (e.g. a feeling or mood); to wander; to walk around aimlessly
to get dirty; to become dirty; to become sullied; to become corrupted; to lose one's chastity
(made of) stone; stone-built
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
public square; square; plaza; open space; clearing
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
woman; female; feminine gender
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
don't you think?; indicates question