indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
selection; choice; option
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
by the way; incidentally; sometimes; occasionally; precisely (at that time); exactly
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at the very beginning; first of all; first and foremost; before anything else
to be reminded of; to call to mind
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
special someone; special person; precious one; significant other
crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to expose (to the sun, public, danger, etc.); to bleach; to refine; to rinse (vegetables); to soak; to doxx
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to freeze (from fear); to be unable to (too frightened to) run
(a) step; one step; level; stage; small degree; small amount
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to step forward; to step forth; to advance; to start; to embark on; to set forth on
to put out one's hand; to extend one's arm; to reach (for); to try one's hand at (something new)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
afterwards; at a later time; later on; after some time
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
to mourn; to lament; to be sorry; to regret; to repent