opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
birth; birthplace; born in (country, month, imperial era, zodiac year, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
apartment building; apartment block; apartment house; apartment
door (Western-style, car, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
busy; hurried; confused; flurried
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
to begin to run; to start running; to break into a run
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
dimly; faintly; absentmindedly; vacantly; idly; aimlessly
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
negligence; carelessness; inattention; unpreparedness
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
in bad shape; not doing well; not going well; out of condition; in poor form
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
dress; outfit; getup; to dress oneself; to outfit oneself
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to take more time than expected; to take a long time; to be delayed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)