indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to untie; to unfasten; to unsew; to unstitch; to solve; to work out; to dispel (misunderstanding, etc.)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
in comparison to; rather than
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
prologue; prolog; Prolog (Programming in Logic)
duty; sense of duty; honor; in-law; relation by marriage
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
another person; other people; unrelated person (i.e. not related by blood); outsider; stranger
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
second marriage; remarriage
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to produce; to yield; to cause; to result from; to arise; to be generated
older brother and younger sister
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
claim; insistence; assertion; advocacy; emphasis; contention
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
affinity; feeling of closeness (with someone); feeling of kinship
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
mutually; with each other; reciprocally; together
to pile up; to accumulate
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
doesn't amount to doing (something); not significant enough to require (something); unnecessary