awareness of things around one; ability to understand what is going on around oneself; judgment; judgement; discretion
to breathe out; to breathe; to tell (a lie); to use (foul language); to vomit; to throw up
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to point; to nominate; to select someone; to identify; to indicate; to play (a game of shogi)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to satisfy (conditions, one's appetite, etc.); to meet (e.g. demands); to fulfill; to fill (e.g. a cup); to pack; to supply
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
beginning; outset; first; onset
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to taste; to eat; to drink; to speak (of); to refer (to); to say
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to hear; to hear by chance; to hear by accident; to catch (the sound)
-ish; -like; resembling; appearing to be; seeming to be
woman; female; feminine gender
to become pale; to turn pale
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
soon; before long; shortly thereafter
institution; establishment; facility; home (for elderly, orphans, etc.)
to leave (in someone's keeping); to put (in someone's care); to put (someone) in charge of; to leave (a matter) in someone's hands; to lean on; to put one's weight on
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
to be born (with); to be born (to be); to be destined
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)