indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
complexion; one's colour; one's color; countenance; expression; one's face
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
with a start; with a jump
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
hard; solid; stiff; tight; strong; firm (not viscous or easily moved); safe
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to play dumb; to feign ignorance; to play the fool; to be in one's dotage
even if ...; even supposing that ...
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
to take out; to carry out; to bring out from where it belongs; to mention something; to broach a topic; to bring up (a subject)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
sharp (blade); pointed; sharp (pain); stabbing; perceptive; keen
spine; line of the backbone; seam down the back (of clothing)
to shiver; to shake; to quake; to tremble; to quaver; to quiver
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
protest; refutation; pleading
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
juice; soft drink (usu. fruit-based); sweetened drink
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...