rural area; countryside; the sticks; hometown
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
door; gate; opening; title page
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to strike; to clap; to play drums; to abuse; to bash; to consult; to sound out
grandfather; male senior-citizen
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to ask; to enquire; to inquire; to search; to look for; to look into
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
incidentally; taking the opportunity; while (you) are at it; on the occasion
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
password; watchword; motto; slogan
attitude; manner; behaviour; attitude (towards an issue, etc.); position; stance
easily; effortlessly; changing completely; plink (sound of something light falling or rolling)
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
slim; slender; lithe; smoothly; without resistance; without trouble
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to stick through; to force through; to spread throughout; to thoroughly diffuse; to make a path between two points; to proceed in a logical manner; to let pass
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
thin; pale; light; watery; thin; weak (taste, etc.); little (affection, etc.) not much (of a presence)
(I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); (I) fancy (that)