prologue; prolog; Prolog (Programming in Logic)
shield; buckler; escutcheon; pretext
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hero; the brave; man of valour (valor)
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
in comparison to; rather than
rising (from one's bed); getting up; getting out of bed
late at night; at a late hour
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
medicine; pharmaceuticals; efficacious chemical (gunpowder, pesticide, etc.); (pottery) glaze; (illegal) drug; narcotic
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
limit; limits; degree; extent; the end; the last; as long as ...
particle used to indicate the speaker's hope, desire, wish, etc. (e.g. "it would be nice if ...", "I wish there were ...", etc.); emphatic particle; particle adding uncertainty
name; given name; first name
originally; by nature; from the start
present age; present day; today; modern era; modern times
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
university student; college student
the four great sages (Buddha, Christ, Confucius, Socrates)
weapon; arms; ordnance; weapon (something used to gain an advantage); asset
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
book; volume; this; present; main; head
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
another world (esp. in fiction); otherworld; parallel universe; different-dimension world; isekai
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
mission; errand; task; duty; obligation
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous