showy; brilliant; gorgeous; florid; gay
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
center; centre; metropolis
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
double; two-fold; diplo-; dipl-; double-edged eyelid; double eyelid
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
moat; fosse; canal; ditch
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
firm; strong; solid; stable
(fixing) boundaries for religious practices; prohibition (of items, people, spirits, etc. that would hinder Buddhist practice); fence between inner and outer sanctums in a temple; (arch.) short two or three-fold lattice around the front desk of a store; barrier; dimensional barrier
area; domain; territory; field; range; region
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to govern; to manage; to subdue
yours sincerely; respectfully yours
emperor (of Japan); mikado
abode (of a nobleman or emperor); Imperial chamber
(those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of
young master; son of a high-ranking person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be born and raised (in); to be born and brought up; to be born and bred
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
castle construction; building a castle; fortification
historic; historical; traditional
family; relatives; dependents; household
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
famous place; name of a part (of an instrument, etc.); name and address
even if ...; even supposing that ...; also as ...; also for ...; also from the position of ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (e.g. of a document)
general; universal; ordinary; average; (arch.) the same; (arch.) no different
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
opening to the public; making available to the public; putting on display; exhibiting; showing (play, movie, etc.); holding (interview, etc.)
inspection; study by observation; field trip; sitting out (e.g. PE class)
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into