showy; brilliant; gorgeous; florid; gay
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
center; centre; metropolis
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
double; two-fold; diplo-; dipl-; double-edged eyelid; double eyelid
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
moat; fosse; canal; ditch
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
firm; strong; solid; stable
(fixing) boundaries for religious practices; prohibition (of items, people, spirits, etc. that would hinder Buddhist practice); fence between inner and outer sanctums in a temple; (arch.) short two or three-fold lattice around the front desk of a store; barrier; dimensional barrier
area; domain; territory; field; range; region
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
tourist attraction; sight-seeing area
land near a castle; castle town
to live; to reside; to inhabit
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
general situation; general trend; general tendency; way things are moving; current (of the times); tide (e.g. of public opinion)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be crowded with people; to be bustling with; to prosper; to flourish; to do thriving business
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
closing of a gate; (Edo-period) house confinement
time; hour; period; class
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
calm; quiet; gentle; moderate; reasonable; amicable
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to rule over; to govern; to command; to integrate; to consolidate; to unite
emperor (of Japan); mikado
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to come to one's senses