prologue; prolog; Prolog (Programming in Logic)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
depression; melancholy; dejection; gloom; despondency
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that...
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
compensation; indemnification; reparation; consideration
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
it is not (like that) either
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
whether one likes it or not; whether willing or not; willy-nilly
to recall; to remember; to recollect
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
myself; yourself; I; me; you
powerlessness; helplessness; incompetent
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
meeting (face-to-face); seeing; visit; interview
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
reception (desk); information desk; receipt; acceptance
woman; female; feminine gender
to ask; to enquire; to inquire; to search; to look for; to look into
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; match; game
to take out; to produce; to pick out; to fetch; to retrieve
to receive; to get; to accept; to take; to interpret; to understand
leader; reader; reading book; reader (i.e. someone who reads); microreader; dotted line (in printing)