this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
work (e.g. book, film, composition, etc.); opus; performance; production
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
actual existence; real existence; existing in real life
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
person; character; one's character; one's personality; able person; talented person
group; party; team; organization; organisation; association
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
all; everything; entirety; absolutely (not); (not) at all; (none) whatsoever
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
how; in what way; how about
don't you think?; indicates question
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to ask; to enquire; to inquire; to search; to look for; to look into
topic; subject; much talked about; topical; in the news
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
to talk; to chat; to chatter
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to cool down; to get cold; to cool off (excitement, temper, etc.); to subside; to be cold (eyes, expression, etc.); to be composed
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to hug; to have (a thought or feeling); to hold; to harbour (suspicion, doubt, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
bitter smile; wry smile; forced smile; strained laugh
to float; to set afloat; to show on one's face (smile, sadness, etc.); to recall; to call to mind
while; during; while; although; all; both
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question