indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
head (chief, director) of a section or department; head of a (school) club; head of a (school) team
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
in that way; thus; so; so?
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
while; during; while; although; all; both
devil; evil spirit; genie
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
tower; steeple; spire; stupa; pagoda; dagoba
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
trick; contrivance; cleverness
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
older brother; elder brother
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen