indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to incorporate; to include; to fill (a vessel) with
element; component; factor; element (e.g. in array); member (e.g. data structure)
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
adds emphasis to the following verb or indicates that the action is done forcefully or violently
to be crowded; to be packed; to be complex; to go into; to put into; to do intently
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
on and after; from ... onward; since
to turn; to rotate; to pass around; to send around; to move (someone or something to where its needed); to send; to turn (to a new use)
panel; wainscoting; wainscotting; plight; fix; bind
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
one's turn; one's shift; one's turn on stage; screen time; one's time (to act); one's chance
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
putting off (doing); postponement; delaying
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
area; vicinity; side; edge; circumstances
how; in what way; how about
actual article or goods; spots (stocks, foreign exchange, commodities, etc.); (in) kind (income, benefit, rent, taxes, investment, etc.)
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
nevertheless; at any rate; even so; all things considered; be that as it may
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
start; beginning; starting (e.g. a race); departing; starting point
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
as (for); for; in the capacity of
early; a little earlier than usual; a little faster than usual; slightly quicker
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that