prefix for forming ordinal numbers
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
again; once more; a second time
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
story; tale; talk; discussion
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
abandoned building; derelict building
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to crawl out of; to creep out of
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
mysterious; bewitching; alluring; enticing; enchanting
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
while; during; while; although; all; both
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
astonishment; amazement; surprise; fright; shock
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
confusion; dismay; consternation; panic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
shout; cry; outcry; yell; shriek; scream
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
bizarre; strange; eccentric; odd; queer
scene; spectacle; sight; view
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
to stare at; to gaze at; to look hard at; to watch intently; to fix one's eyes on
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you