prefix for forming ordinal numbers
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
cosmos; common cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus)
instant; moment; for an instant
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to lose focus; to let one's mind wander; to relax one's attention
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
to inhale; to breathe in; to suck up; to absorb; to soak up
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to doubt; to distrust; to be suspicious of; to suspect
the more ... the more ...; as; (arch.) while; (arch.) during; (arch.) because; (arch.) since
fantastic; magical; wondrous; whimsical; fairytale-like; romantic
scene; spectacle; sight; view
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
heaven and earth; top and bottom
inverted; upside down; reversed; back to front; wrong way round
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
sense; sensation; feeling; intuition
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
expression; presentation; representation; notation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
not necessarily; not entirely; not altogether
mistake; error; accident; mishap; improper conduct (e.g. between man and woman); indiscretion
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise