prefix for forming ordinal numbers
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
to paw (at) the ground; to struggle (using one's arms and legs); to flounder; to struggle (to escape an adverse situation); to strive
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
timidly; nervously; with nervous diffidence; trembling with fear
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
with a start; in surprise; suddenly (realize, remember, etc.); all of a sudden; puffing (air); with a puff
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to (make something) quiver; to shake; to tremble; to vibrate
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
for a short while; for a brief period; soon; in a short while
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
to grow senile; to be childish with age; to be mentally slow; to be befuddled; to play stupid; to say something stupid (oft. on purpose; esp. as part of a comedic routine)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
to look at; to gaze; to stare at
to wear glasses; to put on glasses
small build; small stature; petite; small pattern
woman; female; feminine gender
hill; height; knoll; rising ground
peak; summit; ridge; back of a blade
popular name; common name; nickname; alias
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
notebook; memo pad; certificate; identification card
to spread; to extend; to unfold; to open; to scatter about; to spread around
while; during; while; although; all; both
troubled face; worried expression
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
too much; excessively; too
staringly; fixedly; unblinkingly
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you