indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
pleasant feeling; pleasant sensation; pleasure
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
daughter of a person of high rank (esp. eldest daughter)
body; physical system; (the) person
while; during; while; although; all; both
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
lower back; waist; hips; body (of hair, noodle, paper, etc.); resilience; spring
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to feel; to sense; to experience
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise