honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
... years old; age (of) ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
(face) mask; (facial) features; looks; mask (e.g. for circuit etching)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
how; in what way; how about
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
to become clear (water, air, etc.); to become transparent; to resonate clearly (e.g. voice); to become serene; to become tranquil; to pronounce as an unvoiced sound
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
play; playing; pleasure; amusement; play (in a mechanism, e.g. a steering wheel); slack
group; faction; (political) faction; wing; school (of thought, painting, etc.); sect
warm; mild; warm (of a colour); mellow; having enough money
from the place (where); from the fact that ...; caused by the fact that ...; because
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of