it's been a long time; long time no see
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thankfully; fortunately; luckily; thanks to your (his, their, everyone's, etc.) kindness; thanks to your assistance; thanks to your support
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sale; offering for sale; putting on sale; putting on the market; release (for sale)
to row (a boat) to (a pier, shore, etc.); to reach (a goal after considerable effort); to arrive at; to (finally) manage to do
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
rare; uncommon; new; novel; fine; nice
difficult delivery; difficult childbirth; dystocia
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
chronic disease; chronic illness; old complaint; bad habit; intractable habit
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
occurrence; incidence; generation (of power, heat, etc.); production; ontogeny; development
result; consequence; consequently; as a result; as a result of; following
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
manuscript; copy; draft; notes; contribution
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shave (wood, leather, etc.); to sharpen (e.g. pencil); to cut down (budget, expenses, staff, time, etc.); to curtail; to delete; to erase
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
honorific/polite/humble prefix
reading; reading (of a kanji, esp. kun reading); reading (e.g. of a situation); insight
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
entering (the marketplace); introducing (something) to the market; access; visiting a high-class or noble individual
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to screw in; to thrust into; to push into; to protest (and seek rectification); to complain
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
each place; various places