original text; source book; draft
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
going; travelling; act; action; bank; counter for banks; counter for groups or parties of people
party; group; troop; one act; one action; one deed
letter (of alphabet); character; writing
multicolumn layout; column setting
step; stair; grade; rank; counter for breaks in written language (or speech, etc.); dan
black magic; sorcery; magic tricks; juggling
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
banning of books; banned book
catalogue; catalog; inventory; certificate indicating an impending gift
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
university town; college town
all; whole; entire; complete (set); in total
pupil; student; schoolchild
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pour (into); to sprinkle on (from above); to water (e.g. plants); to shed (tears); to concentrate one's energy (strength, attention, etc.) on; to devote to; to flow into (e.g. of a river)
noted family; noble family; prestigious school, organization, business, etc.
oval tub or tray used in fish shops
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
of course; certainly; naturally
to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought)
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
(another's) daughter; young lady (of pampered upbringing); woman who has never known hardship; naive woman
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
physical education; PE; gym (class)
lesson; class work; teaching; instruction
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to wash; to cleanse; to inquire into; to investigate; to purify (one's heart); to lave (e.g. shore)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
to greet; to call out (to); to invite; to get in touch (with); to cheer (on); to give vocal support (to)