volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to send; to dispatch; to see (someone) off; to escort; to bid farewell to (the departed); to say goodbye to; to spend (time)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
enjoyment; pleasure; amusement; anticipation; looking forward to; something to look forward to
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
don't you think?; indicates question
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
depiction; description; portrayal
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
time; season; period; phase; stage
occurrence; happening; incident; event
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
on and after; from ... onward; since
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
continuation; rest (of the story, work, etc.); flow (e.g. of a piece of writing); pacing (of a story); succession (of); sequence
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
to say; to be called; to do
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
development; evolution; expansion; spreading out; expansion (of an algebraic expression); development (of a three-dimensional shape); extraction (of compressed data)
to (finally) arrive at; to reach (at last); to (manage to) get to; to find one's way to
old; former; the old; old things; old times; bygone days
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
nature (of a person); disposition; temperament; quality; inherent characteristic; property
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
adventure; venture; venture which is unlikely to succeed; risky attempt; danger
development; growth; development (of a situation, story, etc.); advancement; playing around (sexually; esp. of a male homosexual); having an active sex life
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)