pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lead; to spearhead (a group); to command (troops)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
before one knows; before one becomes aware of; unnoticed; unawares
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
you (plural); all of you; you all
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
Ms; Miss; Madame; highbrow (woman); cerebral
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
commonwealth; federation of states; confederation; union
provisional; temporary; tentative
president (of a nation); big man; boss; buddy
your Excellency; his Excellency; her Excellency
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
to get tired of (doing); to lose interest in
thin; slender; fine; unlucky
to vomit; to throw up; to emit; to send forth; to give (an opinion); to make (a comment)
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
living; lifestyle; living room
always; all the time; never; usual; regular