main text; original text; this book; this volume
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take in one's hand; to pick up; to obtain
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
counter for books; volume
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
of good omen; auspicious; lucky; auguring well (for); boding well (for)
numeral; digit; figure; number; a few characters
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how; in what way; how about; questionable
don't you think?; indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to enjoy; to take pleasure in; to have a good time; to look forward to
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
this is my chance; this is the (opportune) moment; here's an opportunity (that can't be passed up)
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
concentration; diligence; asceticism; zeal in one's quest for enlightenment; adherence to a vegetarian diet
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
heroine; female protagonist; heroine; heroic woman; brave woman
unmarried woman; Miss; -ess; -ette
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
lady (of high social status; e.g. scholar, artist, critic, politician); Ms; Mrs; Miss
group (of people, competitors, companies, etc.); contingent; camp; team
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
main; principal; main dish; main course; main part; principal part
to shine a spotlight on; to highlight; to bring attention to
is it?; isn't it?; be; is
(hand-to-hand) fight; grapple; scuffle; struggling (with a problem, task, etc.); grappling; wrestling
system; lineage; corollary; system (range of strata that correspond to a particular time period); (taxonomical) series; -type