indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
life; living; livelihood; (one's) living
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
luxurious; magnificent; extravagant; sumptuous
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
canopy; dome; priestly minstrel's reed hood; reed hood worn by Komuso priests
furnished with; including; attached to; impression; appearance; luck; sociality
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
crotch; groin; area between the thighs
exposure; laying bare; exposure; (media) exposure; appearance (on TV, in magazines, etc.)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
clothes (esp. Western clothes); clothing; dress; counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, puffs of a cigarette, etc.
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to kneel (in respect); to genuflect
to get angry; to lose one's temper
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
to wrap up; to pack; to cover; to envelop; to conceal (a feeling); to hide
small build; small stature; petite; small pattern
honorific/polite/humble prefix
kappa; mythical water-dwelling creature; excellent swimmer; cucumber; cucumber sushi wrapped in nori
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
to suit; to match; to become; to be like
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
name; given name; first name
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
retainer; attendant; escort
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
funny; amusing; strange; odd; wrong; unsuitable