this occasion; at this time; now
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
string; cord; leash; man who is financially dependent on a woman; gigolo; restrictions; conditions
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
electric shock; blitz; lightning attack; sudden and without warning; shocking
novel; story; (work of) fiction
winning a prize; receiving an award; being awarded
work (e.g. of art); piece; harvest; crop; technique
to begin to write; to begin writing; to begin to draw; to begin drawing; to begin painting
some; several; many; how many; how much; very
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
professional; pro; program; production; proletarian; proletariat
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
myself; yourself; I; me; you
imagination; supposition; guess
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
like this; this sort; this way
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
another place; some other place; another (person or thing); other; beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.); outside
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
to be surprised; to be taken aback; to be amazed; to be frightened; to be startled; to be alarmed
strange; odd; unusual; eccentric; peculiar
be considered; be deemed; be thought to be
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
idea; conception; way of thinking; approach; expression
author; writer; novelist; artist
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o