this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
exception; supernumerary; extra (e.g. performance, item, object, etc.); additional; outsize
compilation (of a text); editing; volume (of a text); completed literary work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
August; eighth month of the lunar calendar
sale; offering for sale; release (for sale); launch (product)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
establishment; creation; posing (a problem); options setting; preference settings; configuration
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
to be disconnected; to get out of place; to miss the mark; to get it wrong (e.g. guess, expectation); to be removed; to be excluded
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
function; facility; faculty; feature
general idea; concept; notion
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
limits; boundary; domain; area (e.g. in programming languages)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
counter for waves (of a repeated occurrence)
equipment; facilities; installation; accommodations; conveniences; arrangements
waterproofing; making watertight
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give (time, money, goods); to donate; to do; to perform; to apply (processing, makeup, etc.); to add (e.g. ornamentation, annotation)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
vast; extensive; immense; huge; large; grand
Wednesday; shaved ice (served with flavored syrup); water (fifth of the five elements)
institution; establishment; facility; home (for elderly, orphans, etc.)
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
slow; tedious; sluggish; irritating
expression; presentation; representation; notation
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
(swimming) pool; pool (billiards); pool (together)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do