abrupt; sudden; unexpected
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
calculation; computation; reckoning; consideration; calculation; estimation
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
disliking; hating; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
bothersome; tiresome; bother to do
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
consumption tax (incl. sales tax, VAT, excise duty, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
tax withholding at the source
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
what with A and B; such things as A and B; A and B and so on; denotes uncertainty
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
rate; ratio; proportion; percentage
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
real number; actual number (as opposed to a speculative number); true number
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to repair; to mend; to change; to alter; to put back; to put away; to cure
one Nth part (e.g. one fifth, one tenth); one out of N
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
tedious; boring; being fed up with
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
why; how; for what reason
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
public finance; financial affairs; financial situation
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
general idea; concept; notion