the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
birds and wild animals; wildlife
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
separation; farewell; parting
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
certain; sure; no doubt; reliable; dependable
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
something like ...; something called ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
simply; merely; only; solely
information transfer; information transmission
tool; implement; means; furniture
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
excluding; except (for); apart from; outside (a boundary, scope, etc.)
living thing; organism; creature; biology
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
getting closer; drawing nearer; being not much different; being near (age, skill, etc.); becoming close (i.e. friendly); becoming intimate
to tell; to inform; to announce; to indicate; to signal; to mark
warning; caution; admonition; keikoku (penalty in judo)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
in; at; on; as for; regarding; with regards to
expression of love; showing love
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
of course; certainly; naturally
gesture; movement; action; acting; performance
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
color (of an animal); body color
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension