chapter one; first chapter
the old days; the past; former times; the past ten years; the past decade
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
machine; mechanism; instrument; appliance; apparatus
making; producing; appearance (attire, make-up, etc.); build; physique; sashimi
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to engage in; to participate in; to take part in; to be involved in
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
seaside; seashore; coast; coastland
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to fill to capacity; to pack; to complete; to tessellate
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
honorific/polite/humble prefix
factory; plant; mill; workshop
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
people; men and women; each person; everybody
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel; castor; caster
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
going to work; leaving for work; attendance (at work); being at work; presence (in the office); reporting for work
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
means; way; method; measure
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
(traffic) congestion; traffic jam; gridlock; delay; stagnation
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend