satellite city; satellite town
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
central part; heart (of a city, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
royal capital; imperial capital
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
meaning; significance; sense
letter (of an alphabet); character; writing
to contain; to comprise; to hold in the mouth; to bear in mind; to understand; to express (emotion, etc.)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
highway (esp. one existing from the Edo period); main road; highway (e.g. to success); path (to becoming ...); subdistrict (in China)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to stretch; to extend; to straighten out; to be flattened; to spread (of paint, cream, etc.); to stretch out (e.g. of a hand); to extend
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
one day; all day (long); the whole day; first day of the month
degree; amount; grade; standard; of the order of (following a number); about
distance; range; difference (e.g. in opinion); gap; metric
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
before very long; soon; someday; of the previously mentioned; of that number; among them
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
town; city; municipal; urban
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
people; men and women; each person; everybody
to subsist; to keep on living
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality