indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to colour; to color; to apply make-up; to decorate; to garnish
another world (esp. in fiction); otherworld; parallel universe; different-dimension world; isekai
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought)
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
one's home country; one's homeland
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
(social) position; status
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
wherein; therein; thereinto
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
duty; function; office; mission; task
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
order of chivalry; chivalric order
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
to hide; to keep to oneself
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
familiar (spirit or otherwise magical creature which aids a magician or sorcerer); familiar spirit
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to face; to go towards; to head towards