illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
chapter one; first chapter
pardon; forgiveness; exemption; permission
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
battlefield; battleground
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
each place; various places
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
chaos; confusion; disorder; chaotic; confused; uncertain
seed (e.g. of a plant); pip; material (e.g. for an article); matter (e.g. of a story); ingredient; leaven (bread); cause
to scatter; to disseminate (e.g. a rumor); to spread (e.g. germs); to distribute widely (e.g. leaflets); to hand out freely; to spend recklessly
while; during; while; although; all; both
last; final; closing; last train (bus, flight, etc.; of the day)
position in a game of go or shogi; state of the game; aspect of an affair; situation
rushing into; breaking into; storming; plunging into (war, etc.); embarking on (a new venture)
deep inside; innermost place
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
(rock) crystal; high purity quartz
palace; tonic (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); ancient Chinese punishment (castration for men, or confinement for women); zodiacal sign
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
to be shot dead by an assassin
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
protection; safeguard; shugo (Kamakura or Muromachi period military governor)
to order; to command; to appoint
divine generals who protect pilgrims, etc.
abandonment; renunciation; resignation; abdication (responsibility, right)
missing (of a person); lost; unaccounted for; whereabouts unknown
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case