preface; foreword; introduction; beginning; start
revival; resuscitation; revitalization; rejuvenation; regeneration
medicine; pharmaceuticals; efficacious chemical (gunpowder, pesticide, etc.); (pottery) glaze; (illegal) drug; narcotic
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
new work; new production; new composition; new creation; new title
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
corner; section; one horn; pillar (of a group, system, etc.); member (of an organization, etc.); first corner
field (for growing wheat, fruit, vegetables, etc.); cultivated land; field (of specialization); sphere; womb; birth
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
yellow; high-pitched (voice); shrill
to enliven (e.g. a conversation); to animate; to engage in enthusiastically; to become successful and well known
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to bow one's head; to hang one's head; to droop (e.g. ears of grain)
to wither (of a plant); to be blasted; to die; to mature (of one's personality, abilities, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
change of color; change of colour; fading; discoloration; discolouration
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
lonely (e.g. person, feeling); lonesome; desolate; deserted; sad; lacking
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
closely (packed, lined up, etc.); tightly; densely; (work) sufficiently
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
seed (e.g. of a plant); pip; progeny; offspring; paternal blood; lineage; sperm
to bear fruit; to ripen; to produce (good) results; to show results; to bear fruit
kind; sort; species; species
maturing; ripening; aging; ageing; curing; fermenting