in the city; within the city
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
study; diligence; working hard; experience; knowledge; discount
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to go around; to make a circle around; to surround; to circle; to come around (of a season, anniversary, turn, etc.); to return
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
indiscriminately; blindly; at random; indiscriminate; random; excessive
tourist; traveler; traveller; visitor
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
notice; attention; observation
to dash over oneself (e.g. water); to take (e.g. shower); to bask in (e.g. the sun); to suffer (e.g. an attack); to draw (e.g. criticism, attention, praise); to have heaped upon
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
rare; uncommon; new; novel; fine; nice
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
tourist attraction; sight-seeing area
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
unrelated; irrelevant; unconcerned; unconnected
to be fascinated (by); to be captivated by; to be enchanted by; to gaze admiringly at; to watch in fascination
one's line of sight; one's gaze; one's eyes (looking); glance; gaze; look
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
grounds (esp. of shrines and temples); compound; churchyard; precincts
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
almost every day; almost daily
training; practice; discipline; ascetic practices
tempering (metal); annealing; forging; toughening; disciplining; training
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
in this way; like this; this (much); so; uh; er
subject; theme; homework; assignment; problem (that needs solving); task
to visit; to call on; to arrive (of a season, situation, etc.); to come; to appear
a long time (since the last time); first in a long time; it's been a long time; long time no see