indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
universal; general; ubiquitous; omnipresent
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
to raise; to lift; to boost; to enhance
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
to endeavor (endeavour); to try; to strive; to make an effort; to exert oneself; to be diligent
to spread; to propagate; to popularize; to broaden; to extend; to widen
elevation; rise; improvement; advancement; progress
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
diffusion; spread; popularization; promulgation; familiarization
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
equipment; device; installation; stage setting
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
reliance; trust; faith; confidence
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
law; act; method; mood; dharma; law
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
in accordance with; according to
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
eternity; perpetuity; permanence; immortality
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
duration; continuance; survival; persistence; retention
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
battlefield; battleground
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be loath to; to balk at (doing); to grudge (doing); to take (good) care of
citizen; citizenry; city inhabitant; townspeople; bourgeoisie; middle class
than; from; out of; except; but; more
order; ordering; beginning; start; foreword; preface
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
by myself; in person; by oneself
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
since one's birth; in one's whole life; all one's life
(how) many times; (how) often
dwelling; house; residence; den; habitat
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become