preface; foreword; introduction; beginning; start
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
compensation; reparation; price (of achieving a goal); cost; paying compensation on someone's behalf; compensation
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
by all rights; legally speaking; properly speaking
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
that is not supposed to ...; that ought not to ...; that should never ...; that cannot possibly ...
occurrence; happening; incident; event
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to point; to nominate; to select someone; to identify; to indicate; to play (a game of shogi)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
of course; certainly; naturally
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
generally; on the whole; general; rough; outline; main points
case; occasion; situation; circumstances
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
joyful (news, event, etc.); joyous; delightful (e.g. result); pleasing (e.g. sight); gratifying; welcome
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to catch; to capture; to grasp (e.g. meaning); to perceive; to captivate; to move (one's heart)
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
myself; yourself; I; me; you
(practical) experience; personal experience; hands-on experience; first-hand experience
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
general; popular; common; typical
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
only natural; no wonder; as expected; of course; as it should be
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
for this very reason; that is exactly why
companions; friends; comrades; mates; partners
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
by no means; never!; certainly (not); surely (not); something unexpected; emergency
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of