indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to continue; to keep up; to keep on; to continue ...; to keep on ...
absolutely; definitely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
sacred precincts; sanctuary; consecrated ground; issue that is regarded as being off-limits; matter that is not up for discussion
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
just one person; only one
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
main text; original text; this book; this volume
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take in one's hand; to pick up; to obtain
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
how; in what way; how about; questionable
don't you think?; indicates question
to decline (of morals, character, etc.); to become vulgar (e.g. of a conversation); to stoop (to); to be ruined; to go under; to fall (into hell)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
tower; steeple; spire; stupa; pagoda; dagoba
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
force; unit; corps; squad; troops; party
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to
important; essential; significant; major; key; principal
duty; function; office; mission; task; role
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
composition; construction; formation; makeup; structure; organization
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
all members; everybody; regular member