indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
memory; recollection; remembrance; memory; storage
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
suddenly; casually; accidentally; incidentally; unexpectedly; unintentionally
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to recall; to remember; to recollect
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
daily; everyday; days (e.g. of one's youth); every day; day after day
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
vividly green; lush green; fresh and green; verdant; deep blue
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
bamboo thicket; bamboo grove
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to advance (spatially); to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to move ahead (e.g. of work); to intensify
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
tree; shrub; wood; timber; wooden clappers (signalling the beginning or end of a performance)
gate; branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master; school; phylum; division; counter for cannons
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
state (of affairs); situation; appearance; look(s); sign; indication
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
to choose; to select; to pick (out)