one's house; one's home; one's family
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Gion (entertainment district in Kyoto); Jetavana Monastery (India) (abbr); Jetavana-vihara; Yasaka Shrine (Kyoto) (abbr); Gion Festival (abbr); Gion
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to assume the posture of praying; to press the palms and fingers of both hands together; to beg; to make a supplication; to see (something or someone of high status)
shop; store; someone who sells (something) or works as (something); someone with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take in one's hand; to pick up; to obtain
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to say; to be called; to do
book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
work (e.g. book, film, painting, composition); piece; production; opus
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
one of the six administrators of a Zen temple
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
article (in a document); clause; counter for lines, stripes, streaks, rays, etc.; although; though; since
seed leaves (of a dicot); cotyledons; bud; early stages; very beginning
library; book collection; paperback book
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
poor work; humble reference to one's own work
editor (in publishing, etc.)
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
point of view; viewpoint; angle; visual point (position of the eye in calculations of optical instruments)
capital (esp. Kyoto, Japan's former capital); seat of government; capital (of music, fashion, etc.); city (e.g. of light); location of the Imperial Palace
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
plot of land; lot; soil; locality; region; place
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed