original author (of a work)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
this occasion; at this time; now
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
to notice; to realize; to realise; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses); to come round
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
sometimes; occasionally; at times; seasonal; of the season; appropriate (for the season or occasion)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
imagination; supposition; guess
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
before one knows; before one becomes aware of; unnoticed; unawares
by no means; never!; certainly (not); surely (not); something unexpected; emergency
martial arts stadium; (Nippon) Budokan (indoor arena in Tokyo)
live (broadcasting, music, etc.); live performance; live concert; resonant (room, etc.); reverberating
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.