preface; foreword; introduction; beginning; start
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to scatter; to disseminate (e.g. a rumor); to spread (e.g. germs); to distribute widely (e.g. leaflets); to hand out freely; to spend recklessly
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to go upstream; to go up (a river); to go back (to the past or origin); to date back (to); to trace back (to)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
extravagant; absurd; unbelievable; enormous; tremendous; extraordinary
thick; bulky; massive; heavy
to cover up the sky (e.g. smoke)
to use up; to exhaust; to devote oneself (to); to do one's utmost (for); to do to exhaustion; to do completely
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
Moon; month; moonlight; (a) moon; natural satellite
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
star (usu. excluding the Sun); planet (usu. excluding Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); asterisk; star (actor, player, etc.); dot; spot
to shine; to sparkle; to twinkle; to light up (with happiness, hope, etc.); to beam; to gleam
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
light; glow; (a) light; lights; proof (of innocence)
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
several people; a few people
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to clasp; to grasp; to hold (the answer); to have (e.g. the solution); to seize (power); to hold (the reins)
paper lantern; Chinese lantern; Japanese lantern; snot bubble
to shine on; to illuminate; to compare (with); to refer to
all present; all concerned; all of us
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (someone's) side
rice field; rice paddy; paddy field