thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
hello; good day; good afternoon
main text; original text; this book; this volume
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
highly virtuous monk; monk; Buddhist solitary; Buddhist missionary; saint (i.e. a virtuous person); (arch.) emperor; master
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to stand in the way (esp. with legs spread out); to block the way; to stand in the way (e.g. of progress); to obstruct
test; trial; ordeal; tribulation
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
competing in earnest (esp. in sumo)
to grapple with (each other); to tussle with; to wrestle with; to scuffle with
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
ten; 10; ten years of age
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to lock up; to shut up; to imprison
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to be opposite; to face each other; to confront (an issue); to face
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to climb over; to get over; to overcome (a difficulty, obstacle, etc.); to surmount; to surpass (a predecessor); to overtake
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
leading part; leading actor; leading actress
there being no use in arguing (about it); not up for discussion
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise