finally; in the end; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
last; final; end; conclusion; rust
counter for books; volume
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
one copy (of a book, magazine, etc.); one volume
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to buy; to purchase; to value (highly); to think highly of; to incur (someone's anger, displeasure, etc.); to elicit (e.g. sneers)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; I feel regretful; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
people; (all) persons; everyone; (arch.) you (usu. plural)
so; like this; in this way; this much; to this extent
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
being deeply moved emotionally; excitement; passion; inspiration; deep emotion; strong impression
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
one's original intention; one's initial enthusiasm; inexperience; naivety; greenness
to return; to come back; to turn over; to become extremely; to become completely
the old days; the past; former times; the past ten years; the past decade
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...