recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
pet saying; favorite phrase; stock phrase; manner of talking
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
how; in what way; how about; questionable
don't you think?; indicates question
oh; oh my; oh dear; well, ...; er ...; why, ...
trouble; hardship; difficulty; anxiety; worry; concern
deadline; closing; closing (a door, window, etc.); cofferdam
more than usual (usu. time)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
unexpectedly; surprisingly; unexpected; unanticipated; unforeseen
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
co-sleeping; sleeping together
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; (not) any
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
various; a variety of; all sorts of; many (different)
challenge; defiance; dare; attempt; try
women's bath; women's section in a public bath
to peek (through a keyhole, gap, etc.); to look down into (a ravine, etc.); to peek into (a shop, bookstore, etc.); to sneak a look at; to take a quick look at; to peep (through a telescope, microscope, etc.); to stick out (a scarf from a collar, etc.)
type; kind; type (of person); (ideal) type; typewriter; typing (on a typewriter)
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
such; this sort of; like this